An Indian army column moves to counter Afghans invading the Northwest Frontier in May 1919 (Fouikes Papers, Liddel I Lart, Centre for Military Archives, King's College London).

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The literary history of Pashto in the Colonial Period is often overlooked. Pashto or Pukhto, like many other oriental languages prospered under the British rule. During that phase most of the existing written literature was produced as a result of English influence. In this article, I shall attempt to chronicle the important literary events under the Raj and the Pashtun Renaissance.

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The creation and progress of an autocratically ruled state which since 1917 has come into being in the Tribal Territory of the North West Frontier of British India; the Yusufzai State of Swat - as it is styled by its Founder Miangul Shahzada Sir Abdul Wadood. The article was published in 1934 in the Royal Geographical Society

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Chitral, which today is part of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan, was a separate state in 1895, owing allegiance to Kashmir and thus, although beyond the then border of British India, within the British sphere of influence. At the beginning of 1895, the Mehtar (ruler) of Chitral was assassinated by one of his brothers, who claimed the throne.

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The single most important event of the first Afghan War is the virtual destruction of the British Army in the wintry mountainous terrain between Kabul and Jalalabad in 1842. Only one man survived to write an account of this terrible ordeal...

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